Smart cities are urban areas that leverage technology and data to improve the quality of life for residents, enhance sustainability, and increase efficiency in areas such as transportation, energy, healthcare, and public services. This research area focuses on developing and implementing innovative solutions involving the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors, artificial intelligence, and other digital technologies to make cities more connected, responsive, and efficient. Smart cities aim to address urban challenges such as traffic congestion, pollution, energy consumption, and public safety by using data-driven decision-making and automation. The goal is to create more liveable, sustainable, and inclusive environments for their residents.